// Placeholder helper stubs for Karel primitives: boolean frontIsClear() /* primitive / void move() / primitive / void turnLeft() / primitive / void putBeeper() / primitive / boolean beepersPresent() / primitive / void turnRight() turnLeft(); turnLeft(); turnLeft(); void turnAround() turnLeft(); turnLeft(); boolean facingEast() / primitive or track orientation */ boolean noSquares() return false;

Forgetting to check noBeepersPresent() during a row transition often results in Karel placing two beepers on the first square of a new row.

Before writing code, you must understand the constraints of Karel's world: