Пальпация, ангиография (рентген с контрастом)
(during Valsalva or standing) typically confirms the condition. varikotsele u detey 1982
Second, while a varicocele could be an incidental finding, its most common clinical presentations were either as an asymptomatic scrotal mass discovered by the parent or child, or as a scrotal ache after physical exercise. Springer Series: Varicocele and Male Infertility (1982) :
, this study examined 30 boys (ages 8-18) and established that surgery is recommended when the left testis is smaller than the right or when the varicocele is symptomatic. Springer Series: Varicocele and Male Infertility (1982) : A highly cited book chapter by Volter and Keller titled Recidivation of varicocele, prophylaxis and therapy varikotsele u detey 1982
While modern ultrasound is the current standard, 1982 marked a period where methods were the "gold standard" for research-level diagnosis.