What is the for this article? (e.g., pet owners, veterinary students, academic researchers) Are there specific species

Chronic stress weakens the immune system and can lead to diseases such as feline lower urinary tract disease, gastrointestinal disorders, and dermatologic problems (e.g., psychogenic alopecia in cats). Veterinary science addresses both the underlying medical issue and the environmental or behavioral triggers.

To spot illness, a veterinarian must first be an ethologist—a student of what is normal for that species.

Using synthetic pheromones (like Feliway for cats or Adaptil for dogs) to calm patients.